According to Chapter 43: Identification of patterns according to pathogenic factors, Marcocia

• Why do people feel cold from external wind?

People feel chilly when they suffer an invasion of external wind because external wind obstructs the circulation of Defensive Qi in the space between the skin and the muscles. Defensive Qi is then unable to warm the muscles.

• Why  is there no sweating in an invasion of wind cold?

There is no sweating in an invasion of wind-cold because cold contracts the skin pores.

•  What symptoms are caused by external Wind invading the Connecting channels of the face?

The one symptom will be present is numbness 9rather than the paralysis caused by invasion of the main channels of the face).

• Which organ disharmonies commonly cause Wind in the skin?

Liver-Fire or Liver-Blood deficiency.

• The Yang of which organs are usually the first to be affected by Cold?

Spleen and Kidney are usually first to be affected by cold.

• How would you know whether a painful joint was caused by Cold?

The pain would be intense, often in a single joint, would be aggravated by exposure to cold and alleviated by heat and may feel cold on palpation.

• Summer-Heat differs from the other pathogenic factors in which two ways?

It is specific to its season – summer – and can only be an external pathogenic factor.

• Complete the following: ‘Summer-Heat includes manifestations of external ____, ________ and interior ____.’

 ‘Summer-Heat includes manifestations of external Wind, Dampness and interior Heat.’

• Why is Dampness described as being ‘dirty’?

Because it causes dirty discharges, such as cloudy urine, vaginal discharges or skin diseases characterized by dirty, oozing fluids.

• What eye symptoms are often caused by Dampness?

Red swollen eyelids, eyes oozing fluid, styes.

• What is the most characteristic symptom caused by Dampness obstructing the Liver or Gall Bladder?

Hypochondrial fullness, distension and pain.

• Which organs can be directly invaded by external Dampness?

The Bladder, Intestines, Stomach, Uterus and Gall Bladder.

• What symptoms are typically caused by chronic Dampness in the skin?

Vesicles, papules, skin lesions oozing fluid, and puffiness of the skin.

• Which two organs are affected by tobacco smoking, and how does it affect them?

Lung and Kidney are affected by tobacco smoking because it dries the Yin of these organs.

• Give three characteristics that illustrate the nature of Fire.

Bonus Review Questions and Answers:

• What two substance do the Heart and Lung govern. What is the essential relationship between the Heart and Lung?

Any three of the following: Fire rises to the head, it dries fluids, it injures Blood and Yin, it causes bleeding and affects the Mind.

 

• What is the relationship between the heart and lungs? Review Question

The Heart governs Blood and the Lungs govern Qi; the relationship between the Heart and Lung is essentially the relationship between Qi and Blood.